Picture yourself walking down a busy city street on a sunny day. The hum of traffic blends with the chatter of pedestrians as street trees above cast a welcoming shade, offering a brief escape from the heat. You begin to daydream about the woods near your house, only to wonder, “…how do these trees survive in such a harsh environment?”
A forest offers drastically different growing conditions than a city. The complexity of the urban landscape creates a variety of environments for trees. There are large patches of trees in parks or preserved areas that resemble “natural” forests but are still surrounded by roads and buildings. Other trees grow along streets or in backyards, isolated amidst concrete, infrastructure, and turf grass. Each tree faces unique challenges based on its location and how well it’s cared for.
Let’s focus on the most managed urban tree: the street tree. Before planting, urban foresters assess site conditions, select tree species suited to the local climate, and develop maintenance plans to ensure young trees establish.2 Native species are often prioritized for their resilience to drought, pests, and climate extremes. Once a species is chosen, the site is prepared, often requiring compost or biochar to improve root growth and water infiltration. After planting, the tree is placed so its top sits slightly above ground level to prevent water pooling, and mulch is applied to help retain moisture. For the first few years, regular watering and mulching are essential for helping the tree establish strong roots.2
Though city trees are the property and responsibility of the city, urban residents can play a key role in their care. The urban environment is tough on trees, with limited access to water and nutrients and increased temperature extremes. Providing water during droughts or heat waves, and adding mulch to insulate roots and retain moisture, can make all the difference. So, what else can you do to help?
Street Tree Care Tips for the Urban Steward1
- Water Wisely: Street trees rely on us for water, especially in their first few years. If it hasn’t rained in a week, give your tree a deep soak—about 15-20 gallons once a week. In the peak of summer, water twice a week to prevent drought stress. Early morning or late evening watering is best to reduce evaporation.
- Barriers, Borders, & Fences: A well-placed barrier can protect your street tree from soil compaction and litter buildup. If you install a fence around the tree pit, keep it raised at least two inches off the ground—this allows rainwater to flow into the soil instead of running off the pavement.
- Mulch Matters: Not all mulch is created equal! Skip the rubber mulch (which doesn’t break down and may contain harmful chemicals) and avoid dyed red mulch, which can leach toxins into local waterways. Instead, opt for natural wood chips or compost, which slowly decompose and nourish the tree over time.
- To Stake or Not to Stake?: Young street trees may need extra support during their first year. Use two wooden stakes on either side of the trunk, but keep ties loose enough to allow some movement. After the first growing season, remove all stakes and ties to prevent them from restricting growth.
- Weed & Vine Removal: Street trees already face tough conditions—don’t let weeds, grass, or invasive vines steal their nutrients! Regularly clearing the tree pit of unwanted plants gives young trees a better shot at thriving.
- Pruning is for the Pros: Pruning is a science, and improper cuts can do more harm than good. Unless you’re trained, let professionals handle it. In Baltimore, you can report a tree in need of pruning by calling 311 or submitting a request online.
- Accessorize (Responsibly!): Adding seasonal decorations or small ornaments can bring personality to your street tree and engage the community. Just remember to remove anything wrapped around the trunk or branches (like string lights) after the holidays to prevent damage as the tree grows.
You might be thinking about the trees in your neighborhood, the parking lot at work, or the empty tree pits you pass on your way to the park. Maybe your neighborhood has no street trees at all, but you think there should be. In Baltimore, you can request a street tree through the 311 system. Many community organizations also offer trees to residents and facilitate planting efforts. With spring upon us, now is the perfect time to make your tree planting plans a reality—or, if you lack space to plant, brush up on your urban stewardship practices!
Sources:
1 The “Do’s & Don’ts” of Street Tree Care – Blue Water Baltimore. (2021). Retrieved March 15, 2025, from https://bluewaterbaltimore.org/blog/the-dos-donts-of-street-tree-care/
2 Urban Tree Care Strategies | Arborist Now—Arborist Now. (2023). Retrieved March 15, 2025, from https://www.arboristnow.com/news/comprehensive-tree-care-strategies-for-urban-environments
